Sources
Primary Archival Sources
Belgian State Archives. BE A4004 FM II 0778 (Art Acquisition File). 1861–1862.
Chambre des Représentants. Budget des Voies et Moyens pour l'exercice 1867. No. 77, session of 16 February 1866. Brussels: Imprimerie de M. Hayez.
Pasinomie, ou Collection complète des Lois, Décrets, Arrêtés et Règlements généraux qui peuvent être invoqués en Belgique. Troisième série. Brussels: Bruylant-Christophe et Cie, 1862. [Royal Decree No. 740, 15 December 1862.]
Archivio di Stato di Roma. Stato Civile, Morti 1882, Atto No. 1307. Rome, 1882.
Fabrique de l'Eglise Saint-Denis (Liège). Mandats de paiement. 1840; 1860.
Katholieke Pfarre St. Dionysius Übach. Parish Registers (U 2589–2595). 18th-19th century.
Parish of Merkstein. Register M 1660.
Athénée Royal de Maastricht. Procès-verbal de la distribution des prix de l'année scolaire 1818. Maastricht, 1818.
Historisch Centrum Limburg (RHCL). Frans Archief 1794–1814 (RHCL 03.01), Entry 501. Biens nationaux sales register: Affiche N° 38, Adjudication du 12 Ventôse an VI (2 March 1798). Sale of Drinhausen estate to Pierre Joseph Bruls.
Historisch Centrum Limburg (RHCL). Notarial Repertoire of J. G. Reinckens, Übach, 1797–1800 (NL-MtRHCL 09.001.4099).
Historisch Centrum Limburg (RHCL). Toegang 01.187A, Regest 14. Charter of 1235/1236: Duke of Limburg, life grant of hof van Drinhuizen to Johannes van Curentzich.
Habets, Josef, and A. J. A. Flament. De archieven van het kapittel der vorstelijke rijksabdij Thorn. Tweede Deel. The Hague: Algemeene Landsdrukkerij, 1899. [Bruls entries: N°. 983, p. 413 (Josephus Bruls, Schepen, 1783); N°. 1328, p. 531 (P. J. Bruls, Secretary, 1794).]
Provinciaal Gerechtshof Limburg. Arrest van 5 April 1875. In Weekblad voor Notaris-Ambt en Registratie, 6th year, 1875.
Correspondence and Manuscripts
Brüls, Louis. Letter to an Italian friend, 13 November 1848. (Drinhausen?). Written in Italian. Recorded in Swisscovery, UB und ZB Zürich, Bildende Künstler (Br-Di) 31q.
Brüls, Louis. Letter to an Italian friend, 26 March 1849. Maastricht. Written in Italian. Recorded in Swisscovery, UB und ZB Zürich, Bildende Künstler (Br-Di) 31q.
Brüls, Louis. Letter to Johann Jakob Bachofen, 29 September 1867. Universitätsbibliothek Basel.
Brüls, Louis. Letter to Johann Jakob Bachofen, 16 January 1874. Universitätsbibliothek Basel.
Brüls, Louis. Letter to Johann Jakob Bachofen, 4 February 1874. Universitätsbibliothek Basel.
Brüls, Louis. Letter to Johann Jakob Bachofen, 13 February 1874. Universitätsbibliothek Basel, NL 3: 272,32.
Brüls, Louis. Letter to Johann Jakob Bachofen, 9 May 1874. Universitätsbibliothek Basel.
Brüls, Louis. Letter to Johann Jakob Bachofen, 6 June 1874. Universitätsbibliothek Basel.
Brüls, Louis. Letter to Johann Jakob Bachofen, 29 March 1880. Universitätsbibliothek Basel.
Dufrasne, Jacques. Tableaux du Peintre Louis Brüls connus. Manuscript, c. 1953–1965.
Dufrasne family. Correspondence and genealogical papers, 1953–1962.
Hucklenbroich, L. Dossier familial Brüls. Brussels, c. 1950s-1960s.
Hucklenbroich, Marie-Louise. Biographical notes and correspondence on Louis Brüls, c. 1955–1965.
Newspapers and Periodicals
Innsbrucker Zeitung. "Angekommene Fremde." May 8, 1837.
Revue de Bruxelles. October 1837.
Il Tiberino. No. 4, 9 March 1840; No. 6, 23 March 1840.
Journal historique et littéraire (Liège). 1839; 1842.
Morgenblatt für gebildete Leser (Kunstblatt supplement). No. 52, June 29, 1843.
Il Fanfulla. February 1847.
Nécrologe Liégeois pour 1851. Liège, January 1852.
Giornale di Roma. No. 124, June 3, 1853; No. 181, August 3, 1853.
Illustrirtes Familienbuch zur Unterhaltung und Belehrung häuslicher Kreise. Vol. IV. Trieste: Österreichischer Lloyd, 1854.
Le Arti del Disegno. Florence, 1856.
Giornale delle Strade Ferrate. February 13, 1858.
Journal de Bruxelles. June 4, 1864.
Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. May-June 1864.
The Commonwealth (Boston). "Art Notes: Art-Club Exhibition." January 29, 1876.
The American Architect and Building News. "The Exhibition of the Boston Art Club." Vol. I, February 5, 1876, p. 48.
Echo der Gegenwart (Aachen). Notices concerning Franz Theodor Brüls and Gut Drinhausen, 1891–1892.
Revue de Belgique. Tome XXXI (1879): 374–375.
Hettinger, Franz. Aus Welt und Kirche. Bilder und Skizzen. Vol. I, Rom und Italien. 2nd expanded ed. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder'sche Verlagshandlung, 1887.
Bulletin des Commissions Royales d'Art et d'Archéologie. Trente et unième année. Brussels, 1892.
Bulletin de l'Institut Archéologique Liégeois. Tome LXXV, 1962.
Exhibition and Sale Catalogues
Bericht über den Bestand und das Wirken des Kunst-Vereins in München, während des Jahres 1834. Munich: George Jaquet, 1835.
Vander Hey, H. P. Notice des Ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, architecture, gravure et dessin... exposés au Salon d'Anvers. Antwerp, 1837.
Catalogue du Salon de Liège. 1840. [Not yet verified from primary source.]
Van Roy, L., and T. Decamps. Revue du Salon de Bruxelles. Brussels: D. Raes, 1848.
Album illustré du Salon de Bruxelles. Brussels, 1848.
Catalogue de l'Exposition d'Anvers. 1849.
Società degli Amatori e Cultori delle Belle Arti. Catalogo delle Esposizioni Romane. Rome, 1846–1864.
Catalogue des Tableaux et Gravures délaissés par feu Monsieur de Man d'Hobruge, Baron d'Attenrode. Brussels, December 18, 1854.
Trenor, James Delafield. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Powers' Art Gallery, Rochester, N.Y., with Introduction, Etc. Rochester, N.Y.: R. R. Andrews, 1897.
Kende Galleries. Antique Textiles, Italian, French and Spanish of the XV-XVIII Century; Greco-Roman Antiquities; Georgian, American and Other Silver; French Furniture; Decorative Objects of Art; Oil Paintings by Old and Modern Masters. Sale no. 284. New York, May 3, 1947.
Books and Scholarly Works
Almanacco Romano pel 1858, ossia Raccolta dei Primari Dignitari e Funzionari della Città di Roma. Anno Quarto. Rome: Tipografia Sinimberghi, 1858.
Donovan, Jeremiah. Rome Ancient and Modern and Its Environs. Vol. III. Rome, 1843.
Müller, Hermann Alexander. Die Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker. Stuttgart, 1857.
Brunn, Heinrich. Bullettino dell'Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica. 1858.
De Meester de Ravestein, E. Musée de Ravestein. Catalogue Descriptif. Tome II. Liège: Imprimerie de J. Desoer, 1872.
Larousse, Pierre. Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIXe Siècle. Tome Treizième. Paris: Administration du Grand Dictionnaire Universel, 1875.
Catalogue of the New Pinakothek. Munich, 1889.
Renier, J. S. Inventaire des objets d'art renfermés dans les monuments civils et religieux de la ville de Liège. Nouvelle Série, Tome IX. Liège, 1893.
Rapport sur l'administration et la situation des affaires de la Ville de Malines. Année 1887–1888. Malines: Imprimerie Raym. Van Velsen, [1889].
Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità. Roma: R. Accademia dei Lincei, 1895. [Brüls collection cited p. 262, fn. 3 p. 264.]
Reinach, Salomon. Esquisse d'une histoire de la collection Campana. Paris, 1905.
Thieme, Ulrich, and Felix Becker, eds. Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Vol. 5. Leipzig: E. A. Seemann, 1911. [Entries on pp. 107 (Friedrich Noack) and 118 (H. H.).]
Hymans, Henri. Près de 700 biographies d'artistes belges. Bruxelles, 1920. (Oeuvres de H. Hymans, t. 4.) [p. 116: biography entry for Brüls, source for the Pius IX portrait claim and 1849 Antwerp Salon.]
Resoconto delle Conferenze di Archeologia Cristiana. Rome, 1882. [Footnote by G. B. de Rossi citing a Brüls lamp published in Garrucci, Arte cristiana, plate 471, no. 4.]
Van Leeuwen, Rieke. Kopiëren in Florence: kunstenaars uit de Lage Landen in Toscane en de 19de-eeuwse kunstreis naar Italië. Florence: Nederlands Interuniversitair Kunsthistorisch Instituut, 1985. ISBN 978-90-900119-0-4. [pp. 64–66: entry on Brüls; publishes his 1839 Pitti and 1844 Uffizi letters; first published identification of Ludwig Brüls and Louis Joseph Bruls as the same person.]
Harding, Jonathan P. The Boston Athenaeum Collection: Pre-Twentieth Century American and European Painting and Sculpture. Boston: The Boston Athenaeum, 1984.
Montani, Giovanna. La Società degli Amatori e Cultori delle Belle Arti in Roma, 1829–1883. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, 2005–2007.
Dupont, Christine A. Modèles italiens et traditions nationales: les artistes belges en Italie, 1830–1914. 2 vols. Bruxelles / Roma: Institut Historique Belge de Rome, 2005. (Bibliothèque de l'Institut Historique Belge de Rome, 54.) ISBN 9074461549. [Vol. 1, pp. 266, 292, 316: Brüls's 1844 Uffizi studies; provisorship of Saint-Julien-des-Belges; portrait of Pius IX from life; assessment of his obscurity within the Belgian artistic community in Rome.]
Pohle, Frank. "De schilder Louis Joseph Brüls en zijn werk voor de Lambertusparochie te Kerkrade." Het Land van Herle 58, no. 3 (2008): 96–106.
https://www.landvanherle.nl/editie/2008/200803.pdf
Pohle, Frank. "Der Maler Louis Joseph Brüls (1803–1882) aus Übach." Heimatkalender des Kreises Heinsberg 28 (2010): 185–193.
Pohle, Frank. "Louis Brüls (1803–1882), un peintre méconnu hors des frontières." In Actes du Congrès de Liège, 1249–1257. Liège: Institut Archéologique Liégeois, 2017.
https://www.histinst.rwth-aachen.de/go/id/gxbi/lidx/1/file/719533
Dozio, Esaù. "Greek Vases on Their Way to Basel: Two Acquisitions from 1874." Antike Kunst 65 (2022).
https://www.jstor.org/stable/27164576
Institutional and Database Sources
BALaT / KIK-IRPA (Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Belgium). https://balat.kikirpa.be/
Portale Antenati / Archivio di Stato di Roma. https://antenati.cultura.gov.it/
Historisch Centrum Limburg. https://historischcentrumlimburg.nl/
Swisscovery. https://slsp.ch/en/swisscovery/
Geneanet. https://en.geneanet.org/
Gut Drinhausen. http://www.gut-drinhausen.de/
Museum Hof van Busleyden. https://www.hofvanbusleyden.be/collectie/museumcollectie
Museo Colocci (Jesi). https://www.comune.jesi.an.it/w/palazzo-colocci
Regione Marche / SchedeOA:AN, ICCD catalogue records.
Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed. https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/
Rijksmuseum. https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/
RKD Netherlands Institute for Art History. https://rkd.nl
KBR (Royal Library of Belgium). https://www.kbr.be/
Universitätsbibliothek Basel / e-manuscripta.ch. https://www.e-manuscripta.ch/
Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/
Boston Public Library. https://www.bpl.org/
New York Public Library Digital Collections. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/
Invaluable. https://www.invaluable.com/
Artnet. https://www.artnet.com/
Archive NRW (Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen). https://www.archive.nrw.de/archivsuche
zeit.punktNRW. https://zeitpunkt.nrw/
Delpher (Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Netherlands). https://www.delpher.nl/
FelixArchief (Stadsarchief Antwerpen). https://felixarchief.antwerpen.be/
Auction Records
Christie's. Auction sale record, 2004.
Lempertz. Auction sale records, 1996; 2014; 2018.
Legia Auction (Hannut). Sale catalogue, October 21, 2020.
Phillips. Auction sale record for The Bridesmaid / Preparing for her first communion, 1977; recorded in Marjorie Clark, comp., The Lyle Official Arts Review 1978, ed. Tony Curtis, p. 85.